BM-21 "Grad"
MLRS of the Armed Forces of Ukraine The development of the BM-21 "Grad" anti-aircraft missile system began in 1960, and serial production began in 1964. It is designed to provide general fire support for army formations, destroy manpower, armored vehicles, unarmored vehicles, field fortifications, lay minefields, and create smoke screens. The artillery unit consists of a package of 40 tubes on a platform that can rotate in the vertical and horizontal planes. The time of a full salvo is 20 seconds. Fire volley control can be carried out both from the cockpit and with the help of a remote control. This MLRS can use different types of ammunition: high-explosive fragmentation, cluster, incendiary, illuminating and smoke ammunition. The most common is a high-explosive fragmentation projectile, which has a maximum range of 20.4 km. There are also types of ammunition for this MLRS that have a firing range of up to 40 km. Charging the system is carried out manually by combat calculation. As of 2022, the BM-21 "Grad" was the most mass-produced anti-aircraft missile of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
